What power does Congress have concerning foreign policy and national defense?

The power to declare war is explicitly granted to Congress by the Constitution, specifically in Article I, Section 8. This provision ensures that the legislative branch has the authority to make decisions that can lead to military engagement, rather than vesting that power solely in the executive branch. This is an essential element of the system of checks and balances designed by the framers of the Constitution, as it prevents any single branch of government from holding too much power in matters of war and peace.

The declaration of war is a significant act that involves consultation with various aspects of government and often reflects the collective will of the nation, making it a duty that falls within Congress's responsibilities. By having this power, Congress can act as a counterbalance to the President's power as Commander-in-Chief, ensuring that the decision to go to war is thoughtfully considered and reflects the interests of the people through their elected representatives. This underscores the democratic principles rooted in the U.S. Constitution wherein a deliberative process is paramount when it comes to matters of national significance.