What rights does the Fourth Amendment protect?

The Fourth Amendment specifically protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. This means that law enforcement must have probable cause and, in most cases, a warrant supported by oath or affirmation before conducting searches of private property or seizing personal belongings. The Amendment is foundational in establishing a zone of privacy for individuals and serves as a critical safeguard against arbitrary and invasive actions by the state.

The other choices pertain to different amendments in the Bill of Rights. The right to free speech is protected under the First Amendment, the right to bear arms under the Second Amendment, and the right to a speedy trial under the Sixth Amendment. Each of these rights addresses distinct individual freedoms, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of the protections afforded by the Constitution.